Abstract. Genetic characteristic of mud volcanism is essential for assessing and predicting mud volcanic hazard, as well as for studying the geo- and fluid dynamics of sedimentary sections. With the regular discovery of new areas of mud volcanism, more and more data is emerging on its heterogeneity and various genetic characteristics. This paper attempts to identify and systematically organize its genetic types, based on an analysis of numerous publications. Following genetic types of mud volcanism were identified: classical, giant submarine landslide, gas hydrate, serpentinite, deglacial, abyssal, and intraplate rift structures. Their characteristics and distinctive features are presented. The classical type of mud volcanism is the most widespread and studied. It exhibits the greatest diversity in the morphology and size of mud volcanic edifices, as well as structural and tectonic controls and geodynamic position. Three evolutionary stages of mud volcanism – initial, main, and final – were distinguished, with three evolutionary types identified, respectively. The initial stage features small fluid-generation foci and corresponds to the stage of sedimentary basin subsidence, with biogenic methane generation. It may be preceded and accompanied by the intense discharge of fluids (methane and/or water), leading to the formation of pockmarks. The main stage is the longest and corresponds to the subsidence of fluid-generating strata into a catagenesis zone, with thermogenic methane generation and smectite illitization. The final evolutionary stage of classical mud volcanism marks the demise of the mud volcanic system as a result of its uplift and denudation, as well as the exhaustion of thermogenic methane generation. Classical mud volcanism can be further classified by the contribution of deep fluid flows, including those from the mantle, as well as the presence of gas hydrates, and the participation of geothermal fluids. Within the gas hydrate genetic type, varieties can be distinguished based on the mechanism of fluid phase generation. The serpentinite type is the most distinctive in its characteristics. It occurs in suprasubduction zones as a result of the breakthrough of fluids generated during dehydration, decarbonization, and metamorphic reactions from a subducting plate under high pressure and low temperature. Deglacial, abyssal, and intraplate rift structures are the least studied types of mud volcanism and require further study and verification. The intraplate rift structure type might be classified as a geothermal system in sedimentary strata based on further research. Along with the identified genetic types of mud volcanism, its polygenic manifestations are also possible. The proposed genetic classification may be subject to criticism, but it is a necessary step that will spur research into this area.

For citation: Glazyrin E.A. Towards the development of a genetic classification of mud volcanism: an analytical review. Geosistemy perehodnykh zon = Geosystems of Transition Zones, 2026, vol. 10, No. 2, p. 127–157. (In Russ.).
https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2026.10.2.127-157, https://www.elibrary.ru/jqceii

Для цитирования: Глазырин Е.А. К разработке генетической классификации грязевого вулканизма: аналитический обзор. Геосистемы переходных зон, 2026, т. 10, № 2, с. 127–157.
https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2026.10.2.127-157, https://www.elibrary.ru/jqceii

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